Having a WILL is not the end-all.  I hear all the time that “I need a WILL”.  Yes, in most cases, that is true.  However, much of what you own may fall outside your WILL.  In other words, many of the assets you have right now are not controlled by the existence of a WILL.  These assets will be distributed to heirs as provided through other means including a DEED or BENEFICIARY DESIGNATION.

Here is a list of 5 common assets generally not controlled by your WILL:

1. Jointly-Owned Real Estate

2. Life Insurance

3. 401Ks, IRAs, Retirement Accounts

4. Jointly-Owned Businesses

5. Investment Accounts

Most people own any or all of the above.  Estate Planning is a lot more than just cranking out a WILL and calling it a day.  A good estate planning attorney helps you strategize your whole estate including assets/property not distributed by a WILL and making sur that it all makes sense to you.

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If you have outdated beneficiary designations, remember that your WILL does not supercede the beneficiary designations.  For example, if you provide in your WILL that your nephew Jimmy Johnson is to receive everything BUT the beneficiary on your $300,000 IRA is your uncle Jerry Jones, under law, your uncle Jerry Jones has the right to receive that $300,000 when you pass away – even if that is not at all what you wanted!

Beneficiary Designation > Will

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Avoiding Probate in Minnesota

Each state has its own ways to avoid probate.  In general, most people want to avoid probate because they have specific goals with how and who receives their inheritance.  Probate avoidance is not the end all.  BUT most people don’t realize that there are EASY ways to reclassify your assets from PROBATE to NONPROBATE.

Remember our rule of thumb: everything you own in life is either labeled as PROBATE or NONPROBATE.  If you can move everything to the NONPROBATE side, your estate in all likelihood will avoid probate.  Your heirs and relatives will probably thank you for it!

Here are 6 easy ways to move assets from PROBATE to NONPROBATE:

1. Joint Ownership

In MN, you can move real estate or certain investment accounts into joint ownership.  This means that the surviving joint account holder or joint tenant is entitled to automatically receive your share of the asset.

2. Transfer on Death Deed – TODD

MN allows you to create beneficiary designations for your real estate.  There is a specific but simple process you must follow.  However, if you do it right, you can make it easy to move real estate to your heirs after you die.

3. Gifting

A lifetime gifting strategy allows you to start reducing the probate assets you might own.

4. Living or Revocable Trust

Every week, someone asks me about a trust.  A trust is an excellent tool to retitle probate assets and have them placed into a trust managed by a trustee of your choosing.

5. Insurance

Yes, insurance is a great way to pass an inheritance to heirs.  As long as you have valid beneficiary designations on the life insurance policy, you are good to go!

6. Beneficiary Designations and Payable on Death Designations

If you own bank accounts, investment accounts, 401Ks, IRAs, simply make sure that your beneficiary designations are current and up-to-date.  So many times people don’t check these and if the beneficiary is already deceased or there is none, then that item will be labeled as PROBATE.

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How to Avoid Probate

As an estate planning attorney, one of the most common questions I receive is: “What can I do to avoid probate?”  Most people know that probate is a process that assists the transfer of assets and property from the person who died to his or her heirs.  Most people don’t realize however that probate is entirely unnecessary with a little simple planning.

First, remember this rule: ALL ASSETS AND PROPERTY YOU OWN DURING YOUR LIFETIME ARE CLASSIFIED AS EITHER “PROBATE” OR “NONPROBATE”.  Everything from life insurance to the house you own is either one or the other!

If you want to have your estate avoid probate, then it is recommended that you move each of your assets and property from being labeled as PROBATE over to NONPROBATE.  Avoiding probate allows your heirs to access their inheritance much quicker and substantially reduces the likelihood that your estate will be tied up in court.

My experience is that most people don’t know that probate avoidance is available to everyone.  It doesn’t matter what you own or how much or how little you own.  Understanding what tools are available to you is the key to setting up your estate to avoid probate.  In my next blog post, I will provide tips on how to arrange your assets and property outside of probate by reclassifying them as NONPROBATE.

Luke Enno is an estate planning attorney at Enno Law in Maple Grove, MN.

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What’s an “ESTATE”?

What’s an “ESTATE”?

What does “ESTATE” mean?

Do I have an “ESTATE”?

As an estate planning attorney, it is surprising to me how many people ask me what an “estate” is.  There is a misconception that an “estate” is something for the very wealthy like millionaires or billionaires or that an “estate” means that you own real estate.

In the simplest terms, your “estate” is EVERYTHING you own.  Now if you don’t own anything, then you don’t have an estate.  If you own something, then you do have an estate.  99.99% of people have an estate.

So even the poorest homeless man has an estate even if it is just a dollar to his name and a bottle of whiskey in his hand.

It naturally follows that “estate planning” is the process that anyone with an estate does to transfer their assets and property to the person of their choosing.  Without an estate plan, the alternative is to rely on the default statutes under the law which, in many cases, differ substantially from the wishes of the person who died.

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Selecting a Guardian for Your Children

5 easy tips to remember when selecting a Guardian for your minor children:

#1 – Guardianship provisions allow you to nominate who you believe is the person or persons best suited to raise your children.  While there are no guarantees the person(s) you nominate will be approved, your selections are given substantial preference when evaluating who is the best fit.

#2 – You have the right to nominate co-guardians.  But it would be strongly advised to select co-guardians that share the same residence (such as a husband and wife) and to be clear whether one or the other co-guardian has the sole right to serve as guardian if the other cannot due to death or illness.

#3 – I strongly encourage you to select a substitute guardian in the event your first choice is not able to serve (death, disability or otherwise).  You are welcome to nominate as many back-ups as you wish.

#4 – You are not required to tell the nominated guardian in advance that you are selecting him/her.  It can be a surprise to them if you wish.  But it would be a good idea to let them know in advance and get their approval.

#5 – The person you select to be guardian does not need to sign anything acknowledging that you have selected him/her.  After you pass away, if there is a need for a guardian, that person will take care of going through the process of being appointed as a guardian at that time.

Guardianship provisions are an easy way to communicate your  wishes and preferences and are strongly encouraged as a means to ensure your children’s well-being until they are adults.

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The Guardianship Process Explained

As an estate planning attorney, one of the most common questions I am asked is how to prepare guardianships for a child.

In Minnesota, the process of selecting a guardian for your children is much easier than you might expect.  In almost all cases, guardianship provisions are a part of your Will. 

If you do not have a Will, you are not required to create a Will in order to select a guardian.  However, it is strongly advised that any document which you execute naming a guardian for your children be signed/dated/notarized and witnessed by two non-related individuals such as friends, co-workers or neighbors.  I say this because it is critical that any document you prepare be enforceable in a court of law and a judge will closely scrutinize any document to ensure it is valid.

In my next post, I am going to offer some simple tips to keep in mind regarding the guardianship process.

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What is a Testamentary Trust

What is a Testamentary Trust?

It is one of the most common questions I receive as an estate planning attorney.

The more important question to ask might be:

Why do I need a testamentary trust?

A testamentary trust allows a parent to pass an inheritance to his/her minor children in a way that works for the parent.  This is better than leaving that decision to a judge!

Under the law, if a testamentary trust does not exist, a minor child can receive all of his/her inheritance as soon as he/she becomes an adult (18 or 21 depending on your state of residence).

A testamentary trust allows you as the parent to select a trustee as well as an inheritance method to delay receipt of the inheritance by the child until the child is 25, 30, 35, 40 or whatever age you choose.

As an estate planning attorney, I prepare testamentary trusts every week. They are easy to incorporate into a Will.  If you are looking to have a testamentary trust added to your Will, you should expect to pay no more than $100 to do so. 

At Enno Law, as of 2010, we charge $40 for a Testamentary Trust and consider it to be a very valuable component of your Will.

If you have minor children, a Testamentary Trust is a no-brainer!

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Under Minnesota law, the transfer of the real estate with a TODD becomes effective only after the death of the real estate owner.  In other words, if your mother Doris has a TODD prepared and filed today designating her home to you, the transfer of her home to you does not happen until after your mother Doris passes away.  This is assuming that your mother Doris still owns her home at the time she dies and that she has not otherwise revoked the TODD. 

For your mother Doris, it is important to note that she can still sell the home at any time regardless of the existence of the TODD.  She should also know that she can revoke the TODD at any time as long as she files a TODD revocation form with the County to cancel the TODD she prepared.

For more information, see Minn. Stat. § 507.071.

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No.  The beneficiary named in your TODD has no rights to your real estate whatsoever during your lifetime.  The beneficiary cannot transfer, mortgage or pledge an interest in your real estate as long as you are alive. 

Any attempt by the beneficiary to use your real estate as collateral is illegal as well.  Why?  Because the beneficiary has no rights until after you pass away.  You still could sell the real estate during your lifetime.  You still could revoke the TODD during your lifetime.  You still could designate a different or additional beneficiary to your TODD during your lifetime.  You maintain complete control over the beneficiaries!

For more information, see Minn. Stat. § 507.071.

By the way, when will the Cubs finally win the World Series?  I’m thinking about 2058.  Just another 5 decades or so!

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